Ransomware is a form of malware that allows malicious actors to encrypts a victim's files and then demand payment for restored access.

Ransomuweya ni ubwoko bw’igitero gishoboza abajura bo ku ikoranabuhanga kwinjirira amadosiye yawe bakayahindura ku buryo utabasha kuyabona, hanyuma bagasaba ikiguzi kugirango ube wasubizwa dosiye zawe.

Ku muntu ku giti cye cyangwa ku rwego rw’ikigo, ni byiza gushaka uburyo bwo gukumira ibitero no kwirinda ransomuweya.

Kurikiza amabwiriza agufasha kugabanya ibyago byo kuba wagerwaho n’ibitero bya ransomuweya.

Itondere imiyoboro n’imigereka iturutse ku bantu utazi

Ibitero byinshi bya ransomuweya bikwirakwizwa binyuze muri imeli n’imiyoboro niyo mpamvu rero ari ngombwa gushishoza mbere yo gufungura imiyoboro n’imigereka biturutse ku bantu utazi.

Ikimenyetso kimwe cya imeli ishobora kuba irimo igitero cya ransomuweya ni ubusabe bwo kugira icyo ukora vuba vuba. Aha rero niho umuntu aba ugomba kubanza kwitonda, agatekereza mbere yo gukanda kuri iyo miyoboro cyangwa imigereka.

Ibindi bimenyetso birimo:

• Ikibonezamvugo gipfuye

• Indamukanyo rusange nka mukiriya wacu

• Imeli yiyoberanije nk’ivuye ku nshuti, cyangwa undi muntu

• Izina rya domene rijya gusa n’iry’izindi sosiyete zizwi

Hora ukora ububiko bw'amakuru ahantu hatandukanye (backup)

Iyo wabitse amakuru yawe ahandi hantu, ukira byoroshye igitero cya ransomuweya kuko usubizamo amakuru yawe avuye ahandi, mu gihe andi aba yangijwe. Ransomuweya ishobora gusikaninga umuyoboro wa murandasi yawe ishakisha ubundi bubiko bw’amakuruyawe, ni ngombwa rero kubika amakuru yawe ahandi hantu nko kuri karawudi.

Bika ahandi amakuru y'ingenzi nibura rimwe mu masaha 24 wifashije ububiko butari kuri murandasi nk’ububiko bwa karawudi, kugirango ugire ahantu henshi ubitse amakuru yawe, hatandukanye náho ukorera.

Hora ushyira antivirusi yawe ku gihe kandi uhore ukora sicani (Scan)

Nk’uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda, genzura ko igikoresho cyawe cy’ikoranabuhanga gifite antivirusi izagufasha gusikana imigereka na porogaramu zose ugiye gufungura kugirango wirinde kuba wagerwaho n’igitero cya ransomuweya.

Hora ureba ko haba hari amavugururwa akenewe igihe ufunguye antivirusi yawe, kandi usikane igihe cyose umaze kwinjiza dosiye nshya mu gikoresho cyawe.

Hora ushyira ku gihe sisitemu y’ibikoresho byawe by’ikoranabuhanga

Kuvugurura porogaramu bikosora amakosa mashya, bigafunga n’ibyuho byashoboraga gutuma winjirirwa n’ibitero bya ransomuweya byashoboraga kwangiza porogaramu ukoresha. Ibitero bishya bya ransomuweya bihora bivugururwa umunsi k’umunsi niyo mpamvu na porogaramu z’ubwirinzi zigomba guhora zivugururwa kugirango zirwanye ibitero bishya.

Koresha uburyo bwo kwemeza ibintu bikomatanije bwo kwinjira

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ibintu bikomatanije mbere yo kwinjira muri konti, ni uburyo bwongera umutekano kuko bukoresha ibintu bitandukanye mu kugenzura neza umwirondoro wawe.

Hatariho ibyiza by’ubu buryo, abajura bo ku ikoranabuhanga baba bakeneye gusa kumenya amakuru yawe (izina, ijambo ry’ibanga) ngo bakwinjirire. Aha rero niho uburyo busanzwe buba butizewe, kuko izo sisitemu zishobora kwibasirwa mu gihe cy’ibitero bya ransomuweya kugirango hataza no kuboneka ubushobozi bwo kongera gusubizwa amakuru yawe.

Ubu buryo bwo kwemeza ibintu bikomatanije mbere yo kwinjira butuma umujura wo ku ikoranabuhanga aba adafite amakuru y’inyongera akenewe ngo yinjirire konti yawe. Ibi rero bituma sisitemu zawe zirindwa kuba zazinjirirwa.