Maliweya bisobanura porogaramu zose zakozwe n’abajura bo ku ikoranabuhanga ngo bibe amakuru, bonone, bahungabanye kandi basenye mudasobwa, sisitemu n’imiyoboro ya murandasi.

Zimwe muri izo porogaramu zangiza ni:

Virusi

Porogaramu y’uburiganya igenda mu nyandiko cyangwa muri dosiye ikaba ishobora kwikorera ayayo makode akomeza gukorera mu gikoresho cyawe.

Womuzi (Worms)

Porogaramu y’uburiganya yigabanya kandi igakwirakwira mu bikoresho byose by’ikoranabuhanga biri kumwe ku murongo umwe wa murandasi.

Virusi ya trojani (Trojan Virus)

Virusi yiyoberanya nka porogaramu y’umumaro.

Sipayiweya (Spyware)

Sipayiweya ni porogaramu y’uburiganya ikorera bucece muri mudasobwa ikajya itanga amakuru yose ku wundi muntu akagukurikirana ari kure.

Adiweya (Adware)

Adiweya (Adware) ikoresha mu gukusanya amakuru y’imikoreshereze ya mudasobwa yawe noneho igatanga amatangazo yamamaza.

Ransomuweya (Ransomware)

Igera ku makuru y’ibanga ikayazimiza mbere yo gusaba inshungu nko kwishyura amafaranga ngo ubone gusubizwa amakuru yawe.

Porogaramu ya Fayilolesi (Fileless)

Porogaramu y’uburiganya ikorera mu bubiko bwa mudasobwa yinjiriwe, atari ku ma dosiye ari kuri disiki.

Hano hari uburyo bune igikoresho cyawe cy’ikoranabuhanga gishobora kwinjirirwa n’uburyo wabyirinda.

Gukurura porogaramu zanduye

Ntugomba gutekereza ko porogaramu yizewe byuzuye kuko uyikuye ku rubuga rwizewe.

Niba ukoresha Google Play Store, Reba ahanditse 'Verified by Play Protect' munsi y’izina ry’urubuga mu gihe urimo urinjiza porogaramu nshya. Ibi bituma ubasha kugenzura porogaramu zanduye wari ugiye gukurura mbere yuko zinjira mu gikoresho cyawe.

NIba urimo gukoresha Apple store, Genzura ‘What’s New’ > ‘Version History' kugirango urebe amavugururwa agezweho.  Porogaramu ifite amavugururwa ahoraho ikunze kuba yizewe kuruta yayindi usanga itayafite.

Soma kandi amabwiriza ya porogaramu mbere yo kuyifungura, kugirango umenye niba yaba ari iy’uburiganya, kandi wongere urebe ubusobanuro bwayo na aderesi wabarizaho kugirango urebe ko nta makuru aburamo cyangwa agaragara nk’atizewe.

Gukoresha USB furashi zitazwi

Abajura bo ku ikoranabuhanga bakunda guta furashi ngo bakururire abantu kuzitora no kuzicomeka muri mudasobwa zabo bityo binjize porogaramu zanduye.

Niba utoraguye furashi uri mu kazi, yigeze kubabishinzwe (Abacunga umutekano cyangwa abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga). Niba uri ahandi hasanzwe, wayigeza kubashinzwe gutara ibyabuze.

By’inyongera, shyira antivirusi mu gikoresho cyawe cy’ikoranabuhanga kugirango igufashe kujya ibanza kugenzura (scan) virusi cyangwa porogaramu zanduye igihe ucometseho Furashi cyangwa ikindi gikoresho cy’ikoranabuhanga kigendanwa.

Ibitero cya Fishingi (Phishing attacks)

Kwigaragaza nk’aho ubutumwa buturutse mu kigo cyizewe bakohereza ibitero bya Fishingi, ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane n’abajura bo ku ikoranabuhanga ngo bakwirakwize maliweya.

Genzura buri imeli wakira urebe ibimenyetso bishobora kukwereka ko ari igitero cya Fishingi:

• Amakosa y’ikibonezamvugo

• Ukwihutirwa kudasanzwe

• Insuhuzanyo rusange nka “Nshuti Mukiriya”

• Amazina y’uwohereje adahura na aderesi ya imeli

• Domeni ya imeli yanditse nabi

Imbuga z’impimbano

Imbuga zitabaho cyangwa ziyitirira imyirondoro y’ibigo bisanzwe bizwi, zikunze kuba zirimbo porogaramu zanduye.

Aho kugirango ukurikire amahuza wahawe, shakisha domene yizewe uyandike muri mushakisha cyangwa uyandike mu buryo busanzwe ahagenewe kwandika aderesi y’urubuga.

Gukoresha Software y’ubwirinzi cyangwa antivirusi bizagufasha kurushaho kwirinda bene ibi bitero kuko bizajya bigufasha kutinjira mu mbuga z’uburiganya.